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DEATH; VERY SACROSANCT IN LIFE
Death is the permanent, irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism. Brain death is sometimes used as a legal definition of death. The remains of a previously living organism normally begin to decompose shortly after death. Death is an inevitable, universal process that eventually occurs in all living organisms. Death is something no one can escape from. It follows life as surely as night follows day, winter follows autumn or old age follows youth. People make preparations so that they won’t suffer when winter comes. They prepare so they won’t have to suffer in their old age. Yet how few people prepare for the even greater certainty of death!
Modern society has turned its gaze away from this most fundamental issue. For most people, death is something to be feared, to be dreaded, or it is seen as just the absence of life – blankness and void. Death has even come to be considered somehow “unnatural. What is death and what becomes of us after we die? We can try to ignore these questions. Many people do. But if we ignore death, I believe that we are condemned to live a shallow existence, to live “hand to mouth” spiritually. We may assure ourselves that we will somehow deal with death “when the time comes.” Some people keep busily engaged in a constant stream of tasks. In order to avoid thinking about the fundamental issues of life and death. But in such a state of mind, the joys we feel will ultimately be fragile, shadowed by the inescapable presence of death. It is my firm belief that facing the issue of death can help bring real stability, peace and depth to our lives.
SIGNS; Signs of death or strong indications that a warm-blooded animal is no longer alive are:
• Respiratory arrest (no breathing)
• Cardiac arrest (no pulse)
• Brain death (no neuronal activity)
The stages that follow after death are:
• Pallor mortis, paleness which happens in the 15–120 minutes after death
• Algor mortis, the reduction in body temperature following death. This is generally a steady decline until matching ambient temperature
• Rigor mortis, the limbs of the corpse become stiff (Latin rigor) and difficult to move or manipulate
• Livor mortis, a settling of the blood in the lower (dependent) portion of the body
• Putrefaction, the beginning signs of decomposition
• Decomposition, the reduction into simpler forms of matter, accompanied by a strong, unpleasant odor.
• Skeletonization, the end of decomposition, where all soft tissues have decomposed, leaving only the skeleton.
• Fossilization, the natural preservation of the skeletal remains formed over a very long period
CAUSES
; The leading cause of human death in developing countries is infectious disease. The leading causes in developed countries are atherosclerosis (heart disease and stroke), cancer, and other diseases related to obesity and aging. By an extremely wide margin, the largest unifying cause of death in the developed world is biological aging,[3] leading to various complications known as aging-associated diseases. These conditions cause loss of homeostasis, leading to cardiac arrest, causing loss of oxygen and nutrient supply, causing irreversible deterioration of the brain and other tissues. Of the roughly 150,000 people who die each day across the globe, about two thirds die of age-related causes. In industrialized nations, the proportion is much higher, approaching 90%. With improved medical capability, dying has become a condition to be managed. Home deaths, once commonplace, are now rare in the developed world.
In developing nations, inferior sanitary conditions and lack of access to modern medical technology makes death from infectious diseases more common than in developed countries. One such disease is tuberculosis, a bacterial disease which killed 1.8M people in 2015. Malaria causes about 400–900M cases of fever and 1–3M deaths annually AIDS death toll in Africa may reach 90–100M by 2025.
According to Jean Ziegler (United Nations Special Reporter on the Right to Food, 2000 – Mar 2008), mortality due to malnutrition accounted for 58% of the total mortality rate in 2006. Ziegler says worldwide approximately 62M people died from all causes and of those deaths more than 36M died of hunger or diseases due to deficiencies in micronutrients.
Tobacco smoking killed 100 million people worldwide in the 20th century and could kill 1 billion people around the world in the 21st century, a World Health Organization report warned.
Many leading developed world causes of death can be postponed by diet and physical activity, but the accelerating incidence of disease with age still imposes limits on human longevity. The evolutionary cause of aging is, at best, only just beginning to be understood. It has been suggested that direct intervention in the aging process may now be the most effective intervention against major causes of death.
Selye proposed a unified non-specific approach to many causes of death. He demonstrated that stress decreases adaptability of an organism and proposed to describe the adaptability as a special resource, adaptation energy. The animal dies when this resource is exhausted. Selye assumed that the adaptability is a finite supply, presented at birth. Later on, Goldstone proposed the concept of a production or income of adaptation energy which may be stored (up to a limit), as a capital reserve of adaptation. In recent works, adaptation energy is considered as an internal coordinate on the "dominant path" in the model of adaptation. It is demonstrated that oscillations of well-being appear when the reserve of adaptability is almost exhausted.
In 2012, suicide overtook car crashes for leading causes of human injury deaths in the U.S., followed by poisoning, falls and murder. Causes of death are different in different parts of the world. In high-income and middle income countries nearly half up to more than two thirds of all people live beyond the age of 70 and predominantly die of chronic diseases. In low-income countries, where less than one in five of all people reach the age of 70, and more than a third of all deaths are among children under 15, people predominantly die of infectious diseases.
AUTOPSY
An autopsy, also known as a postmortem examination or an obduction, is a medical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a human corpse to determine the cause and manner of a person's death and to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present. It is usually performed by a specialized medical doctor called a pathologist.
Autopsies are either performed for legal or medical purposes. A forensic autopsy is carried out when the cause of death may be a criminal matter, while a clinical or academic autopsy is performed to find the medical cause of death and is used in cases of unknown or uncertain death, or for research purposes. Autopsies can be further classified into cases where external examination suffices, and those where the body is dissected and an internal examination is conducted. Permission from next of kin may be required for internal autopsy in some cases. Once an internal autopsy is complete the body is generally reconstituted by sewing it back together. Autopsy is important in a medical environment and may shed light on mistakes and help improve practices.
A necropsy, which is not always a medical procedure, was a term previously used to describe an unregulated postmortem examination . In modern times, this term is more commonly associated with the corpses of animals.
RELIGIOUS VIEWS; In Buddhist doctrine and practice, death plays an important role. Awareness of death was what motivated Prince Siddhartha to strive to find the "deathless" and finally to attain enlightenment. In Buddhist doctrine, death functions as a reminder of the value of having been born as a human being. Being reborn as a human being is considered the only state in which one can attain enlightenment. Therefore, death helps remind oneself that one should not take life for granted. The belief in rebirth among Buddhists does not necessarily remove death anxiety, since all existence in the cycle of rebirth is considered filled with suffering, and being reborn many times does not necessarily mean that one progresses..
Death is part of several key Buddhist tenets, such as the Four Noble Truths and dependent origination.
CHRISTIANITY
; While there are different sects of Christianity with different branches of belief; the overarching ideology on death grows from the knowledge of afterlife. Meaning after death the individual will undergo a separation from mortality to immortality; their soul leaves the body entering a realm of spirits. Following this separation of body and spirit (i.e. death)resurrection will occur. Representing the same transformation Jesus Christ embodied after his body was placed in the tomb for three days. Like Him, each person's body will be resurrected reuniting the spirit and body in a perfect form. This process allows the individuals soul to withstand death and transform into life after death.
DEATH IN ISLAM; is the termination of worldly life and the beginning of afterlife. Death is seen as the separation of the soul from the body, and its transfer from this world to the afterlife. Islamic tradition discusses elaborately, as what happens before, during, and after the death, although what exactly happens is not clear and different schools of thought may end up with different conclusions. However, a continuity between all these ideas derived from the basic sources from the Quran and Islamic narratives. One canonical idea is, that an angel of death (Arabic: Malak al-Maut) appears to the dying to take out their souls. The sinners' souls are extracted in the most painful way while the righteous are treated easily.
Another common idea adds that, after the burial, two angels – Munkar and Nakir – come to question the dead in order to test their faith. The righteous believers answer correctly and live in peace and comfort while the sinners and disbelievers fail and punishments ensue. The time period or stage between death and the end of the world[4] is called the life of barzakh. Suicide, euthanasia, and unjust murder as means of death are all prohibited in Islam, and are considered major sins.
Believing in an afterlife is one of the six articles of faith in Islam. The deceased are in an intermediary state, until the great resurrection.
DON’T BE AFRAID, ENJOY YOUR PRESENT
An awareness of death enables us to live each day-each moment-filled with an appreciation for the unique opportunity we have to create something of our time on Earth. I believe that in order to enjoy true happiness, we should live each moment as if it were our last. Today will never return. We may speak of the past or the future, but the only reality we have is that of this present instant. And confronting the reality of death actually enables us to bring unlimited creativity, courage and joy into each instant of our lives.
REFERENCES
1. ^ "death". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
2. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death
OLAMIDE AKINWUMI JAMES, AKINWUMIOLAMIDE09@GMAIL.COM
09068215955
Wednesday, December 1, 2021
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EKITI 2022: EKITI STATE STUDENTS PRAY TO SUPPORT MKD
Tuesday, October 19, 2021
Black Tuesday 20-10-20 – The Day The Nigerian Government Massacred Its Citizens
Black Tuesday 20-10-20 – The Day The Nigerian Government Massacred Its Citizens.
By: Olamide Akinwumi
October 20th, 2020: A day that will never forget in history of Nigeria π³π¬; the day Nigeria government waged war against her citizens who had done nothing but exercised their human rights against police brutality.
October 20th will surely be a day to remember the innocent protestants killed from the massive gun attack unleashed by the Nigerian army under the command of the chief of army staff.
As protestants matched and chanted peacefully in their numbers demanding for good governance and better life which the government have denied them for several years, thier demands were greeted by gun shots as many innocent protestants lay in thier own pool of blood
A year has passed and the world may have forgotten but for the Nigerian youth, 20th October, 2020 can never be forgotten.
Black Tuesday 20th October: A day where the Nigerian Government massacred its citizens for protesting peacefully, despite the fact they were waving the Nigerian Flag.
A day where Soldiers shot at unarmed citizens at Lekki Toll Gate, despite the fact they were chanting the National Anthem.
A day where the white in the Nigerian Flag has turned to red because the white has been stained with the blood of innocent Nigerian Youth.
A day that will never be forgotten in Nigeria history: 20-10-2020.
My heartfelt prayers and condolences to all families that lost their children and loved ones to the massacre.
Posterity will always judge.
Sunday, October 3, 2021
ANALYSIS OF COMPLETE SPORTS AND SPORTING LIFE'S COVERAGE OF NIGERIAN PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE.
BY: OLAMIDE AKINWUMI JAMES
Sport is all forms of physical activities which, through casual or organized participation, aim to use, maintain, or improve physical fitness and provide entertainment to participants (Oloyede, Akinsanmi, & Fajembola,, 2012). Historically, sports have been with man as he advanced with time. It may not be wrong to say that every sport exhibited in a society reflects the way of living of that society (Okpala-Okaka & Mabel, 2014).
Thus, each society has its traditional sports through which they communicate to anyone who wishes to see their culture. Hundreds of sports exist, including those for a single participant, through to those with dual participants and either in team participants. Some non-physical activities, such as board games and card games are sometimes referred to as sports, but a sport is generally recognized as being based in physical athleticism (Laoye & Ackland, 1981).
Sports are usually governed by a set of rules, or customs. Physical events such as scoring goals or crossing a line, first often define the result of a sport. However, the degree of skill and performance in some sports such as diving, dressage and figure skating is judged according to well-defined criteria. This is in contrast with other judged activities such as beauty pageants and body building, where skill does not have to be shown and the criteria are not as well defined (Adedeji, 1981).
Records are kept and updated for most sports at the highest levels, while failures and accomplishments are widely announced in sport news. Sports are most often played just for fun or for the simple fact that people need exercise to stay in good physical condition. However, professional sport is a major source of entertainment. While practices may vary, participants in many sports are expected to display good sportsmanship, and observe standards of conduct such as being respectful of opponents and officials, and congratulating the winner after having lost (Onifade, 2001).
Sport is more
than ever before, commanding global attention. Its influence on world peace,
economy, and the development of social relationships cannot be underestimated
(Aluko & Adodo, 2011). Sport has the power of influencing peoples mind than
any other activities, be it religion or politics. The utility that fans obtain from these can
be considered to derive from identification with a team in the sporting contest
and the quality of the contest, on the first point it is generally accepted
that fan interest is enhanced by an association to a specific team or its
competitors (Mason, 1999).
According to
Victor (2015), even though Nigeria
has a thriving
football league (the
Nigerian Premier League, NPL)
with 20 full-fledged teams,
a growing number of its citizens are
devoted fans of teams and players in
European leagues and championships. On this note, Newspapers have a vital role
to play in the promotion of sport. Through newspapers sports can be marketed
and given wider publicity.
Based on the aforementioned statement this raised a question on the functions of the mass media in promoting Nigerian Professional Football League. One of the major primary functions of a newspaper is to inform its readers, provide interpretation to news, as well as provision of entertainment to its readership. These functions explain what the newspaper does, and why people read it. Newspapers help readers become informed citizens and make better decisions by providing lots of facts. Hard news stories, vital statistics, weather, sports stories and scores, and event calendars are examples of items that help inform readers.
Some newspaper articles help interpret, or explain, the meaning of news to readers. These stories often include the opinion of the writer or newspaper management, such as editorials, opinion columns, news analysis, and reviews are some examples. Newspaper stories provide information that helps readers solve their business, home, recreation, and daily living problems.
Moreover, National Sports Policy of Nigeria philosophy encourages participation in sport as avenue for enhancement of health, exhibition of innate physical attribute, expression of talents, skills and alleviation of poverty; its vision includes to establish a technically efficient institution equipped with the desired professional manpower, resources, right equipment and well maintained facilities for sports development and participation; and it’s to develop the sports sector to a world class level where it would provide continuous improvement of quality of life for the entire citizenry to the extent that Nigeria would be recognized as one of the leading sporting countries in the world. Importantly, news coverage and reports of Nigerian Professional Football League are essentially focused on the spectacular carnage they involve; frequency, prominence and direction of the events reportage.
This study seeks to analyses the extent to which the two major sports newspapers in the country (i.e. The Complete Sport and Sporting Life Newspapers) are promoting the Nigerian Professional Football League in their news stories, features, articles and commentary.
Background to the Study:
Daramola (2011) explains that comparative research is a kind of research that deals with how a group of subjects who differ in some important characteristics is compared and contrasted so as to identify possible or probable causes for the phenomenon in which we are interested. Daramola (2011, p.37), stresses further: Suppose we are interested in the possible causes of causal comparative research products, one mode of products that succeed and the other consisting of products that fail. Data will be gathered and test carried out on the subjects to compare two groups or variables. In comparing the two groups, those variables might help us identify possible causes for product failure
The comparative
study of sports involves comparing and contrasting aspects of media coverage of
sporting activities, coupled with some aspects of sports, especially football,
and more importantly men’s football.
Concerning the effect of football as a medium of change, ex-Super Eagles player and football pundit, Odegbami (2016) in his article titled: Use Football to Change the World says: This is a game that had transcended all manner of human frailties and failures – politics, power, religion, race, ethnicity, class, colour and creed... this is the sport that evokes passion, that creates bridges across lines, promotes national unity and patriotism, yet cements friendship across nations, submit everyone to common rules and laws, and ensures healthy competition amongst the different peoples of the world like no other activity in history. (Odegbami, 2016)
The relationship between the print media and sports has become of particular interest to media scholars over the last decade. As the significance of sport itself has grown in a variety of other disciplines, the study of the ways in which media and sport interact across boundaries can be found in the literature on the sociology of sport, history of sports, gender studies, cultural studies, journalism, as well as globalization. The above view is further elaborated by Schweitzer, (2012, p.15): The print media have recognized the power of sport; particularly football for a long time now, as it is regarded as one of the cornerstones of content that is consumed better than anything else. Newspapers are read on a daily basis and this means people are up to date with all the football news, they will also read anything that is written about a player, and be influenced as well.
The mass-media in
every society have not only occupied the role of image makers, they
are fast assuming the
position of a mirror that can reflect accurately the image
of the society and development there-in. Ferguson (1981),
described mass-media as means through
which information is made available to a larger population. He further described
sports development as innovations and changes in status of sports over
time.
Enyeribe (1993), noted that one area in which the press has gingered a lot of interest, participation and love for Nigeria is in the field of football. Many believed that the press contributed negatively to the development of football in Nigeria, while others believe otherwise.
Prior to the known media of today, people had to rely on word of mouth and the limited number of literate people to tell them when sports fixtures would take place. With the introduction of compulsory education and the subsequent increases in literacy, newspapers and sports journals became more popular as a way of reporting about sport and notifying the population about an event (Saini, 2015). Alongside this, came shorter working hours and better transportation to allow people to attend events, which is the introduction of the media into sport in the year 1820.
Also, research
reveals that healthy competition exists among the different media of
communication, as Television, Radio, Newspaper and the Internet struggle for
audiences. The studies conducted by Home (2005); Kane and Buysse (2005) and Lee
(2005) cited in Mohibullah, (2014) have confirmed the impact of mass media upon
sport. In the field of sport,
competitions are conducted in different parts of the world. It has always been
the innate desire of the sport loving people to be among viewers of the live
activity or, at least to be timely informed about the progress and result of
the activity.
Therefore, information is the life wire of every society. It is the bedrock upon which development are built upon. Ogundowole et al., (2006, p.2) “information brings light to the darkness (ignorance) in the minds of the people in the society.” The society depends largely on the media (newspaper, Magazine, Radio and Television and lately the Internet) for information consumption, people want to be informed about various events and happenings in every sector of the society and they depend on the media to feed them with useful information. Information is conveyed either as the content of a message or through direct or indirect observation of something.
Newspaper contribution to the development and promotion of sport all over the world is very vital especially in developing countries most especially Nigeria where football is creating waves. According to Andanje et al. (2013), newspapers are important tools for marketing, publicizing and popularizing sports. The primary roles of newspapers can be summarized to include dissemination of information on sports and educating people on matters of sports. Andanje et al, (2013), believed that the media can be relied upon to develop sports by bringing talents into the limelight, giving recognition to outstanding sports personalities who can serve as role models to the young athletes, highlight problematic and weak areas in sports programmes so that efforts can be directed towards addressing them and attracting corporate sponsorship in sports through positive reporting on spots issues.
Sport reportage requires expertise and skills because it appeals to the behaviour of the audiences and it also relates with the management and structure of sport development in Nigeria. The selection of sports participant or athletes should be from various states in the country. Thus, competitive sports serve as an integrating force and source of socio-political relationships.
The mass media fill this responsibility gap as they report sporting activities and provide the necessary information needed to all interested parties far and wide. Newspapers, because of its wider reach, have become the surest, though the costliest means of advertising products, services and programmes. (Obayelu, 2015).
This responsibility puts them on the move all the time, hunting for facts that will be of immense value to their consumers. Sports journalism in the view of Steen (2007) cited in (Obayelu, 2015) covers writing and reports about materials of professional sports. Sport journalism in print medium provides detailed previews of upcoming events and post-game analyses in addition to extensive update of game scores, player statistics and teams standings.
Every society has a history and origin. The history of sports in Nigeria cannot be pin-point to a particular date as sport’s is as old as man. In the assertion of Aluko, et al (2011, p.1) sport is more than ever before, commanding global attention. Its influence on world peace, economy, and the development of social relationships cannot be underestimated. It is against this background that most nations have come to appreciate the need to invest heavily on it. Based on this aforementioned, National Sports Policy of Nigeria described sports as physical and social activities done according to rules for exercise, competition or recreation. Saini (2015) identified the classification of sports as follows, Informal sports and formal sports. Informal competitive sports have their origin in villages and their ethnic groups. This humble beginning as entertainment and recreational past-time subsequently developed into prominent phenomenon that could no longer be ignored in the socio-political and economic life of the nation.
Missionaries introduced formal sports in Nigeria and in the course of history both formal and traditional sports have evolved to be administered by management structures such as Sports Federations, Sports Councils and at the apex, the National Sports Commission. Formal sports organization started in Nigeria at about 1910 with the introduction of Empire Day competitions, which were organized on inter-schools basis.
The establishment
of mission schools in different parts of Nigeria assisted in the development of
sports and the introduction of new ones. Though most of the sports were alien
to Nigerians, they were welcomed because they served the common goal of
recreation, entertainment, social mobilization and promotion of unity in
diversity.
Nigeria’s first participation in an international competition was in 1934, when the late Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe represented Nigeria in the 440 yards (400m) at the Commonwealth Games and Empire day competitions in London. Nigeria presented teams for the first time during the 1950 Commonwealth Games in Hamilton, Canada, the 1952 Olympics in Helsinki, Finland, and the first edition of the All Africa Games in 1965, Libreville, Congo.
Nigeria has since then continued to participate in these games except the 1976 Olympics in Montreal, Canada, and the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland, as well as the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia because of political reasons that were largely influenced by the Apartheid Regime in South Africa at that time. Nigeria did not participate in the 1976 Olympics and the 1986 Commonwealth Games because of the African boycott of the Games.
Nigeria could not participate in the 1998 Commonwealth Games because she was under suspension by the Commonwealth. Sports administration and practice in Nigeria have taken a new and great dimension, thereby becoming a big commercial venture and employer of labour.
The domination of the sporting world by the Russians and their allies coupled with their unique organizational structure of sports influenced the Federal government of Nigeria to directly involve herself in the control, regulation and promotion of sports. The outcome of this decision was the establishment of the National Sports Council in 1962. Administratively, sports is administered at the State level through sports councils and at the National level through the National Sports Commission.
However, Sports
administration and practice in Nigeria have taken a new and great dimension,
thereby becoming a big commercial venture and employer of labour. The
domination of the sporting world by the Russians and their allies coupled with
their unique organizational structure of sports influenced the Federal
Government of Nigeria to directly involve herself in the control, regulation
and promotion of sports. The outcome of this decision was the establishment of
the National Sports Council in 1962.
Historical
evolution of the National Sports Commission is as stated hereunder. The
promulgation of Decree 34 of 1971 formalized and legalized the National Sports
Commission (NSC) as the apex Federal Government agency to control, regulate and
organize sports in Nigeria.
The oscillation
of the administration of sports between the Federal Ministry of Sports and the
National Sports Commission was a major factor militating against the desired
growth and development of Sports in Nigeria. Sports management structure
suffered some setbacks as a result of poor or non-implementation of the 1989
National Sports Policy. The promulgation of Decree 34 of 1971 formalized and
legalized the National Sports Commission (NSC) as the apex Federal Government
agency to control, regulate and organize sports in Nigeria.
However, the promulgation of Decree 7 of 1991 saw the reemergence of the National Sports Commission as a Parastatal under the Ministry of Youth and Sport. In 1995, the National Sports Commission was scrapped and the administration of sports was once again transferred to the Ministry. By December 2006, the Obasanjo Administration reverted the then Federal Ministry of Sports and Social Development (FMSSD) to the National Sports Commission. Prior to this development, the then Ministry had recognized 34 Nations as Sports Federations, Sports Councils and at the apex, the National Sports Commission.
The emergence of football professional league in Nigeria came as a result of bad performance of Nigeria footballers at international level. (Rahaman, 2012) cited in Okpala, (2014). After the introduction of the professional league, many clubs showed interest to participate in the league and the then board decided to introduce division two of the league in 1991. The league kept going until 2003 when the Premier League was introduced. However, commercialization was introduced to football which brought in the media into peaceful co-existence with modern sports. Sports are more or less like a business which main goal is to make profit or acquire wealth unlike traditional games which were connected to festival or other events.
The press
(newspaper in this
context) has also
played a significant
role in sport promotion. Having the advantage over
other media as the oldest medium in the world at large and Nigeria (Iwe Irohin,
1859 by Rev. Townsend),
audiences depend on it for information of coming events and results of past
events. Onwumechili (2009) in Okpala et.al (2014, p.14) noted that:
In late 1930’s and early 1940’s when football emerged in popularity, our local newspapers such as West African Pilot and Daily Service dedicated their interest to local football. This action according to him gave rise to nationalistic spirit and the struggle for national independence. Furthering his point, he opined that their nationalistic spirit was short-lived as a result of economic depression that besieged the country. Thus, the media were financially handicapped and they resorted to wire reports from news agencies and transnational media to fill their slots and pages as there was no money for live coverage of outdoor events including soccer.
Complete Sports (CS) is Nigeria’s number one all-sports daily newspaper. It was first published in December, 1995. It is the most-widely-read sports publication in Nigeria. (All Media and Product Survey (AMPS) research, 2008 and 2009).
Complete Sports (CS) is published by Complete Communications Limited (CCL). CCL is the oldest and longest-running sports publishing group in Nigeria. It was established in 1984 but incorporated as CCL in 1987. Other publications in the CCL stable are Complete Football (CF) magazine (established in 1985) and International Soccer (i-Soccer) which was originally established as International Soccer Review (ISR) in 1990. The group had also previously published Sports Souvenir, Nigeria’s first weekly sports newspaper (1984), Climax magazine (1988), Complete Football International (1994) and Complete Football Extra (1995). Complete Sports (CS) is currently the flagship publication in the CCL Group. Complete Sports Saturday (CSS) is the Saturday edition.
The primary focus
of CS and CSS is sports news about Nigeria and the exploits of Nigerian
sportsmen and women both at home and abroad, particularly the footballers. CS
and CSS are circulated nationwide in Nigeria and partly in neighboring
countries like Benin Republic and Cameroun. Complete Sports newspapers have the
largest circulation figures in Nigeria in the sports category and the second
largest circulation in the general newspaper category (AMPS research, 2008 and
2009). CS and CSS are read mostly by young and middle aged males between 13 and
55years of age (75%). Older male and women make up the rest (25%).
Dr. Sunny Obazu-Ojeagbase is the Publisher and Chief Executive Officer of the newspaper and it has its headquarters in Isolo, a local government area in Lagos State.
Meanwhile,
Sporting Life is one of the publications of Vintage Press Limited; publishers
of The Nation newspaper. It is a daily sports newspaper established on August
30, 2009. But prior to the afore-mentioned date, Sporting Life used to be an
eight page pull-out report in The Nation newspaper. According to the Sports
Editor, Mr. Ade Ojerika, the initiative to start up another independent
newspaper was as a result of the dubious activities of newspaper vendors who
used to remove the eight page pull out from The Nation and sell it separately
to unsuspecting readers in order to make double profit.
Consequently, the management of Vintage Press Limited decided to re-introduce Sporting Life newspaper as a daily sports newspaper. Sporting Life newspaper covers both local and international sporting events and competitions. The sports events it reports include Nigeria Professional Football League, English Premier League, UEFA Champions League, FIFA World Cup, CAF Champions League, Olympics Games, African Cup of Nations, Para-Olympics Games, Nigerian Premier Basketball League and many more.
In the same token,
some sports commentators, researchers and administrators in Nigeria have
attributed that Nigeria media gives more coverage to English Premier League
(EPL), matches than the Nigeria Professional Football League matches in terms
of quality and quantity. Hence, this study aim to analyse and assess the
coverage of Nigeria Professional Football League (NPFL), by this two major
sport newspapers- Complete Sports and Sporting Life Newspapers and their
contribution to Sports development in Nigeria.
Significance of the Study
There is no doubt
about the fact that sports have become part and parcel of our modern society.
Therefore, this research study is of great importance to the generality of
Nigerians who want to venture into the practice of sports journalism, or own,
and operate media houses that are purely to develop the nation’s sporting
sector.
Similarly, this
research study also serves as a means of finding out the level of coverage
given to sporting events in Nigeria sports newspapers, with a view to
establishing sport journalism as an important genre of journalism giving the
increasing value of sport in our society.
Furthermore, this
study will be relevant to other researchers as it will be providing the
opportunity to know more on the benefits or otherwise of sports journalism and
media coverage of sporting events as well as local talent promotion and
exposure through sports in Nigeria.
Policy makers in
the sporting sector will find the outcome of this research work useful for
future sports planning policies. The possible recommendations made will be very
useful to sports administrators and management of the various sporting associations
or bodies in the country.
It will bring to
the consciousness of the governments at all levels, the reasons for developing
local sports instead of paying more attention on the foreign leagues.